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(Gentiana spp.)
Introduction
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 The cut flower varieties of Gentiana originated from Japan and are a popular traditional cut flower. The genus comprises around 400 species of annuals, biennials and perennials, some of which are evergreen. Only a few of the Gentiana species are of economic importance. Gentians are found in alpine meadows and occasionally in woodlands throughout the world and they are named after an Illyrian King who discovered the medicinal value of their bitter roots.
The Gentian is a winter dormant perennial that develops a crown at ground level. The breaking of dormancy in the crown requires a period of winter chilling. This is estimated to be 50 days below 5°C. Gentians produce flowers from two-year-old plants and can grow for up to 10 years. The crop flowers from December through to March. January and February are the main months of production. The flowers are mostly trumpet shaped and intense deep blues and sky blues are the usual flower colours. Gentians prefer cooler regions and can be planted either in the sun or semi-shade.
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Growing Gentians
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Propagation:
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Plants can be grown from seed but most new Gentian growers obtain small plants from existing growers. If extra care is not taken of these young plants mortality can be very high. Watering in well seems to be the key to success
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Full production:
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Some flowers will be picked in Year 2 with maturity assumed to be from Year 4 and onwards
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Time of flowering:
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Late December and into January. Late varieties can be into February and March in some locations
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Crop protection:
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2–4 layers of florinet are required to support the plants at the beginning of year two.
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Soil type:
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Friable, free draining, but moisture-retentive soil rich in humus. pH6–6.5
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Fertilisers:
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Gentians benefit from a soil high in organic matter and having fertilisers applied in the organic form. At the start of each season an NPK fertiliser is usually required.
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Pest/Diseases:
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Leaf Spots, Grey Mould, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Aphids, Fusarium wilt
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Harvesting:
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Harvest when the buds at the tips have all developed the same colour. Harvesting during the cooler parts of the day is recommended. Flower grades are based on length of stem with a minimum number of flowers per stem.
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Marketing:
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The main markets for Gentians are Japan, Europe, East Asia and USA. Most flower exporters handle Gentians.
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Further Info:
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Related Topics
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